This article is devoted to one of the key issues of threats to economic security, through the basis of national security. The article discusses the main components of national security, partially presents the problems associated with its provision. The external and internal threats are considered, in the aspect of economic security, in particular, the problems that have arisen with the emigration of the scientific intelligentsia. On the example of Uzbekistan, the results of the work carried out on the development of science and education, affecting the decrease in the emigration rate of the scientific intelligentsia, while ensuring economic security, are considered.